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A fiber optic patch cord is constructed from a core with a high refractive index, surrounded by a coating with a low refractive index, that is strengthened by yarns and surrounded by a protective jacket. Transparency of the core permits transmission of optic signals with little loss over great distances. The coating's low refractive index reflects light back into the core, minimizing signal loss. The protective aramid yarns and outer jacket minimizes physical damage to the core and coating. 
Connector design standards include FC, SC, ST, LC,E***0,MTRJ, MPO. Cables are classified by the connectors on either end of the cable;
The connector's inserted core cover conforms to APC, UPC, or PC.UPC inserted core cover is flat and is used in SARFT and early CATV. An APC connector's inserted core cover is oblique (about *0 °, ±5 °).To reduce the back reflection of a connector,UPC polish. Industry standard is a minimum of*0 dB for PC back reflec-tion measurement and*0 dB for UPC back reflection measurement. If even less back reflection is required, an APC might be necessary. An APC connector has an 8ºangle cut into the ferrule. These connectors are identifiable by their green color. An APC polished connector has an Indus-try Standard Minimum of*0 dB measurement. APC fiber ends have low back reflection even when disconnected.
Ordinary cables measure **5 µm in diameter (a strand of human hair is about **0 µm). The inner diameter measures 9 µm for single-mode cables, and *0 / *2.5 µm for multi-mode cables.