Graphite ore, Graphite concentrates

详情

Graphite ore specifications depend heavily on the type of graphite (flake, amorphous, or vein) and its intended end-use, with key indicators being Total Graphitic Carbon TGC content, flake size distribution, and impurity levels. The market increasingly prioritizes high-purity ≥*9.9% spherical graphite for electric vehicle (EV) batteries, while industrial applications like refractories require specific flake sizes.
Graphite Ore Types & Characteristics
Crystalline Flake Graphite: The most common commercial type, found in metamorphic rocks (gneiss, schist) with in-situ grades ranging from 2% to *0% TGC.
Amorphous Graphite: Formed from the metamorphism of coal, this type has fine particles <*5 microns and is typically lower grade, with raw ore ranging from *5% to *5% carbon.
Vein/Lump Graphite: The highest-grade natural graphite, found in veins, often exceeding *0% carbon.
General Industrial Specifications for Ore/Concentrate
Carbon Purity: While raw ores are low grade, they are processed (beneficiated) into concentrates. High-quality flake concentrates are typically ****8% TGC. Battery-grade graphite requires further purification to over *9.9%.
Flake Size Distribution:
Jumbo: **0 mesh ***0
Large: **0 mesh***0
m.
Medium/Fine: ***0 mesh to ***0 mesh.
Mineral Impurities: Common gangue minerals include quartz, mica, calcite, and pyrite.
Physical Properties: Density2.**2.*3 g/cm³, Mohs hardness **2, and high thermal resistance>***0°C.
Regional and Example Specifications
Produces *5% fixed carbon concentrate, with over *5%*0% in large/jumbo flake categories (***0 mesh, >**0
m.
Ore with ~6.2% TGC, often-producing *4 mm flakes in high-grade areas.
China (Standard): Often utilizes fine flakes (***0 mesh) for spherical graphite production, with carbon >*4%.
: Known for *3%*9% C, **0 mesh to *1 mesh size ranges.
Beneficiation and Testing Standards
Upgrading Process: Flotation is the primary method to raise ore grades to ****0%, followed by chemical/thermal purification to >*9%.
Testing: ASTM-C**1 is used for determining ash content, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used to identify mineralogical phases.
Battery Anodes: The highest growth sector, focusing on medium-to-fine flake graphite.
Fire Retardants: Requires large, expandable flake graphite.