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Description A static mixer is a precision
engineered device for the continuous mixing of fluid materials.
Normally the fluids to be mixed are liquid, but static mixers can
also be used to mix gas streams, disperse gas into liquid or blend
immiscible liquids. The energy needed for mixing comes from a loss
in pressure as fluids flow through the static mixer. One design of
static mixer is the plate-typemixer and the other device consists
of mixer elements contained in a cylindrical (tube) or squared
housing. Mixer size can vary from about 6 mm to 6 meters
diameter. Typical construction materials for static mixer
components included stainless steel,
polypropylene, Teflon, PVDF, PVC, CPVC and polyacetal.
Design In the plate type design mixing is accomplished
through intense turbulence in the flow. In the housed-elements design the static mixer
elements consist of a series of baffles made
of metal or a variety of plastics. Similarly, the
mixer housing can be made of metal or plastic. The housed-elements
design incorporates a method for delivering two streams of fluids
into the static mixer. As the streams move through the mixer, the
non-moving elements continuously blend the materials. Complete
mixing depends on many variables including the fluids' properties,
tube inner diameter, number of elements and their design. The
housed-elements mixer's fixed, typically helical elements
can simultaneously produce patterns of flow division and radial
mixing: Flow division: In laminar flow, a
processed material divides at the leading edge of each element of
the mixer and follows the channels created by the element shape. At
each succeeding element, the two channels are further divided,
resulting in an exponential increase in stratification. The number
of striations produced is 2n where 'n' is the number of
elements in the mixer. Radial mixing: In either turbulent flow or
laminar flow, rotational circulation of a processed material around
its own hydraulic center in each channel of the mixer causes radial
mixing of the material. Processed material is intermixed to reduce
or eliminate radial gradients in temperature, velocity and material
composition.
Applications Today, static mixers are used for a wide range
of different applications in many different market segments. A
common application is mixing two-component adhesives
(e.g., epoxy) and sealants. Other applications
include wastewater treatment and chemical processing.
Static mixers can be used in the refinery and oil and gas markets
as well, for example in bitumen processing or for
desalting crude oil. In polymer production, static mixers can be
used to facilitate polymerization reactions or for the admixing of
liquid additives.
