详情
~
Place of Origin: Russian Federation
Type: LNG
Application: Heating System
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been converted
to liquid form for ease of storage or transport. It takes up about
1/600th the volume of natural gas in the gaseous state. It is
odorless, colorless, non-toxic and non-corrosive. Hazards include
flammability after vaporization into a gaseous state, freezing and
asphyxia. The liquefaction process involves removal of certain
components, such as dust, acid gases, helium, water, and heavy
hydrocarbons, which could cause difficulty downstream. The natural
gas is then condensed into a liquid at close to atmospheric
pressure by cooling it to approximately −162 °C (−260 °F); maximum
transport pressure is set at around 25 kPa (4 psi).
A typical LNG process. The gas is first extracted and transported
to a processing plant where it is purified by removing any
condensates such as water, oil, mud, as well as other gases such as
CO2 and H2S. An LNG process train will also typically be designed
to remove trace amounts of mercury from the gas stream to prevent
mercury amalgamizing with aluminium in the cryogenic heat
exchangers. The gas is then cooled down in stages until it is
liquefied. LNG is finally stored in storage tanks and can be loaded
and shipped.
LNG achieves a higher reduction in volume than compressed natural
gas (CNG) so that the (volumetric) energy density of LNG is 2.4
times greater than that of CNG or 60 percent of that of diesel
fuel.[1] This makes LNG cost efficient to transport over long
distances where pipelines do not exist. Specially designed
cryogenic sea vessels (LNG carriers) or cryogenic road tankers are
used for its transport.
LNG is principally used for transporting natural gas to markets,
where it is regasified and distributed as pipeline natural gas. It
can be used in natural gas vehicles, although it is more common to
design vehicles to use compressed natural gas. Its relatively high
cost of production and the need to store it in expensive cryogenic
tanks have hindered widespread commercial use. Despite these
drawbacks, on energy basis LNG production is expected to hit 10% of
the global crude production by 2020.
