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Senecionine N-oxide is a natural product that has been shown to
have strong cytotoxic effects on cultured liver cells. It is a
metabolite of retrorsine and senecionine, which are quinolizidine
alkaloids found in plants of the genus Senecio. The presence of the
hydroxyl group in senecionine N-oxide makes it more reactive than
its parent compounds. This leads to metabolic changes, including an
increase in metabolic rate and dose-dependent effects. Senecionine
N-oxide also has a high molecular weight, which makes it difficult
to measure using analytical methods such as HPLC or GCMS. To
overcome this challenge, researchers use sample preparation
techniques like thin layer chromatography (TLC) or liquid
chromatography (LC). Tissue culture experiments have shown that
senecionine N-oxide has biological properties similar to retrorsine
and can induce cell death by inhibiting DNA synthesis.