Rated Power MPP Pmax (W):
0.*5**5%Operating
Voltage Vmpp (V): 1.5**1%Operating Current lmpp (A):
0.3*4%Weight
(g): *0Dimensions (mm):
**5×*5×1.1Surface of solar
cell (m2): 0.**7nTypically ******0 micrometers
thickn*0 kg of
silicon per 1 kWp of PVnP-N structurenAbsorb red light welln*0% more efficient
solar cells have been produced in the lab where a doped amorphous
silicon layer is added to the crystalline wafernPolycrystalline silicon modules
are generally **4 % less efficient than single crystal silicon
modules, but they can be less expensive to producenThe energy payback
time of the present-day single crystal modules is typically around
*6 monthsnTriple-junction cells reduce
light-induced degradationEach cell is composed of three semiconductor
junctions stacked on top of each other. The bottom cell absorbs the
red and infrared photons, while the middle cell absorbs the green
photons and the top cell absorbs the blue photons. This spectrum
splitting capability is the key to higher efficiency and reduction
in light-induced degradation.nUsing amorphous alloys of silicon
and germanium adjusts the band gap energiesnAbsorb blue light wellnCan be an automated,
continuous production processnLightweight, durable and flexible,
making it ideal for portable solar cellsSolar energy efficiency is closely related to
the photons absorption from solar spectrum.The solar spectrum is electromagnetic radiation
made up of a range of wavelengths.•Ultraviolet 0.*4 – **0 nm
……9%•Visible ******0 nm
……*7%•Infra-Red ******0,**0 nm
……*4%•X-Ray and Gamma Rays•Microwaves and Radio
WavesCrystalline modules
have good response in the red part of the visible spectrum. We see
this type of light on clear winter days. The modules have a high
relative outdoor efficiency when the sunlight intensity is high
(1,****1,**0 W/m2).Thin-film amorphous Silicon (a-Si) modules have
good response in the blue part of the visible spectrum. We see this
type of light in the summer and on cloudy days (diffuse light).
The modules have higher relative outdoor efficiency when the
sunlight intensity is low (*****0 W/m2).Shading caused by bird dropping, water pudding,
concentration of dust or dirt, ash zone and leaves can easily
reduce the output of photovoltaic module and in serious cases even
shut down the entire module completely. Therefore, the combination
of construction and design of photovoltaic module is essential for
the outdoor efficiency.A-Si modules, use unique material and
technology, reduce output power loss caused by the shading and
soiling effect to less than 4.5%.
