Cooking Oil

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Standard Specifications for Cooking Oil
Quality and safety are measured by chemical and physical parameters that indicate the oil's purity and resistance to spoilage.

* Purity & Composition: Refined oils must be free from sediment and foreign odors. They should contain *9.9% triglycerides with specific fatty acid profiles unique to the plant source (e.g., Sunflower, Soybean, or Palm).
* Moisture & Volatile Matter: Limited to a maximum of 0.2%. Excess moisture leads to rapid rancidity and bacterial growth.
* Acid Value: A measure of free fatty acids. For refined oils, this is typically capped at 0.6 mg KOH/g. Higher levels indicate the oil is breaking down.
* Peroxide Value: Measures initial oxidation. Standard limits are usually *0 milliequivalents of active oxygen per kilogram.
* Insoluble Impurities: Must be below 0.*5% to ensure the oil is clear and filtered properly.
* Additives: Antioxidants (like BHA, BHT, or TBHQ) are often added to extend shelf life, usually restricted to **0 mg/kg total.
* Fortification: In many regions, refined oils are legally required to be fortified with Vitamin A (*0,****5,**0 IU/kg) and Vitamin D.

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Packaging Details
Packaging must provide a barrier against light, oxygen, and moisture to prevent the oil from going rancid.

| Packaging Material | Common Sizes | Features |
|**-|**-|**-|
| PET Bottles | **0ml, 1L, 2L, 5L | Transparent or tinted; lightweight, cost-effective, and recyclable. |
| Glass Bottles | **0ml, **0ml, **0ml | Best for premium oils (Olive, Avocado); non-reactive and excellent oxygen barrier. |
| Tinplate Cans | 1L, 3L, 5L, *5L | Total light block; durable for transport and long-term storage. |
| Flexible Pouches | **0ml, **0ml, 1L | Multi-layered (Nylon/PE) for strength; saves space and reduces waste weight. |
| Jerry Cans (HDPE) | 5L, *0L, *0L | Heavy-duty plastic used for commercial kitchens and bulk retail. |

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Labeling & Information Requirements
Labels serve as the primary source of safety and usage information for the consumer.

* Product Identity: Must clearly state the oil source (e.g., "**0% Pure Vegetable Oil" or "Refined Corn Oil").
* Net Content: Declared by volume (Liters/Milliliters) or weight (Kilograms).
* Ingredient List: Must list the oil type and any added antioxidants or vitamins.
* Nutrition Facts: Must include total fat, saturated fat, trans-fat (ideally 0g), and cholesterol levels.
* Batch Tracking: Includes a Batch/Lot Number, Production Date, and Best Before Date (typically *2 to *4 months from packing).
* Storage Instructions: Must advise storing in a "Cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.