Pharmacological properties. The main active ingredient in peppermint is menthol. When applied to mucous membranes or rubbed into the skin, menthol irritates the nerve endings, causing a cold and tingling sensation. When the cold receptors are excited, the superficial vessels narrow and the vessels of the internal organs reflexively expand. This, obviously, explains the decrease in pain under the influence of menthol in angina pectoris. Menthol has vasoactive properties: it regulates arteriovenous tone, prevents an increase in the tone of intracranial veins caused by taking nitroglycerin, and promotes the outflow of blood through the external veins. Menthol also has a mild local anesthetic effect. By irritating the receptors of the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines, menthol enhances peristalsis. However, it has an antiseptic effect. The irritating and antiseptic effect of essential oil leads to the limitation of the processes of decay and fermentation, increased secretion of the digestive glands.
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